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Forest Habitat Types of Montana
PRODUCTIVITY/MANAGEMENT AND SOIL EXCERPTS

[Excerpted from: Pfister, Robert D., Bernard L. Kovalchik, Stephen F. Arno, and Richard C. Presby. 1977. Forest habitat types of Montana. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-34. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station. 174 p.]

[ Pages: Index  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  Appendixes ]

APPENDIX D-1: GENERAL SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF MONTANA HABITAT TYPES AND PHASES

(Appendix D-1 was originally contained a large table divided into four printed pages. Those tables have been further divided here to make them more presentable/accessible as web pages.)

Description/Glossary of terms in Appendix D-1

  1. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  2. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, ground surface
  3. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, upper soil
  4. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  5. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, ground surface
  6. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, upper soil
  7. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  8. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, ground surface
  9. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, upper soil
  10. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  11. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, ground surface
  12. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, upper soil
  13. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  14. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, ground surface
  15. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, upper soil
  16. Picea (PICEA) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  17. Picea (PICEA) Series, ground surface
  18. Picea (PICEA) Series, upper soil
  19. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  20. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, ground surface
  21. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, upper soil
  22. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  23. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, ground surface
  24. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, upper soil
  25. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  26. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, ground surface
  27. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, upper soil
  28. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  29. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, ground surface
  30. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, upper soil
  31. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  32. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, ground surface
  33. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, upper soil
  34. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  35. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, ground surface
  36. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, upper soil
  37. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  38. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, ground surface
  39. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, upper soil
  40. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, coarse fragments (in percent occurrence)
  41. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, ground surface
  42. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, upper soil

Description/Glossary of terms in Appendix D-1 

Soils data in the following tables are presented by habitat type and phase in a format similar to that for vegetative data (appendix C). COARSE FRAGMENT TYPES are shown as percentage of stands in which a given rock type was the apparent primary residual parent material. TEXTURAL CLASSES are also shown as percentage of stands having a given soil texture. All other categories of data are presented as mean values.

These appendix data and the individual stand data were used in writing the brief soil descriptions for series, habitat types, and phases. The terminology was based primarily on the USDA Soil Conservation Service (1975) definitions with some modifications. The basis for the adjectives as used in our text is:

  • SURFACE ROCK EXPOSED (Includes cobbles, stones, and fixed rock; i.e., material >3 inches)
    • little = 0–5 percent
    • moderate = 5–15 percent
    • considerable = >15 percent
  • BARE SOIL EXPOSED (Includes soil and gravel; i.e., material <3 inches)
    • little = 0–5 percent
    • moderate = 5–15 percent
    • considerable = >15 percent
  • DUFF DEPTH
    • shallow = 0–2 centimeters
    • moderate = 2–4 centimeters
    • considerable = 4–8+ centimeters
  • REACTION
    • very acidic = 4.0–5.0 pH
    • acidic = 5.0–6.0 pH
    • slightly acidic = 6.0–6.7 pH
    • neutral = 6.7–7.4 pH
    • slightly basic = 7.4–8.2 pH
  • GRAVEL CONTENT (Includes all coarse fragments <3 inches regardless of kind or shape)
    • nongravelly = 0–20 percent (by weight)
    • gravelly = 20–50 percent (by weight)
    • very gravelly = >50 percent (by weight)

General soil characteristics (upper 10 cm) of Montana habitat types and phases (n = number of stands)



1. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PIFL/AGSP
h.t.,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=4		 PIFL/JUCO
h.t.,
n=6
Sedimentary
Calcareous 67 50 75 84
Noncalcareous 33 17 -- 17
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- --
Argillite -- -- 25 --
Quartzite -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist -- 17 -- --
Miscellaneous -- 17 -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- -- -- --
Rhyolite -- -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- --

2. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PIFL/AGSP
h.t.,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=4		 PIFL/JUCO
h.t.,
n=6
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 18 12 3 6
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 25 8 2 1
Duff depth (mean cm) 1.3 1.2 1.2 3.2

3. Pinus flexilis (PIFL) Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PIFL/AGSP
h.t.,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=6		 PIFL/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=4		 PIFL/JUCO
h.t.,
n=6
Reaction (mean pH) 7.1 6.8 6.8 7.1
Gravel content (mean %) 38 36 24 27
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- --
Sandy loam -- 17 25 --
Loam 67 33 50 17
Silt loam & silt 33 50 25 67
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- 17


4. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PIPO/AGSP
h.t.,
n=21		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=12		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=15		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=4		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
BERE
phase,
n=3		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
PRVI
phase,
n=6		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
SHCA
phase,
n=2
Sedimentary
Calcareous 53 17 34 50 43 17 100 -- --
Noncalcareous 33 25 33 -- -- 34 -- 100 100
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- 29 -- -- -- --
Argillite 9 17 13 -- 14 -- -- -- --
Quartzite 5 25 13 -- -- -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist -- 8 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 8 7 50 -- 17 -- -- --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- 14 33 -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

5. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PIPO/AGSP
h.t.,
n=21		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=12		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=15		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=4		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
BERE
phase,
n=3		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
PRVI
phase,
n=6		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
SHCA
phase,
n=2
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 3 5 8 4 5 0 0 1 0
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 7 2 3 17 6 1 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 3.4 3.6 4.4 0.5 2.4 4.5 5.3 5.8 3.5

6. Pinus ponderosa (PIPO) Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PIPO/AGSP
h.t.,
n=21		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=12		 PIPO/FEID
h.t.,
FESC
phase,
n=15		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=4		 PIPO/PUTR
h.t.,
FEID
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=7		 PIPO/SYAL
h.t.,
BERE
phase,
n=3		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
PRVI
phase,
n=6		 PIPO/PRVI
h.t.,
SHCA
phase,
n=2
Reaction (mean pH) 6.5 6.0 6.3 6.1 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 5.9
Gravel content (mean %) 33 31 41 33 24 31 3 19 25
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 5 -- -- -- -- 14 -- -- --
Sandy loam 5 9 7 -- 29 29 -- -- --
Loam 29 36 20 -- 29 -- -- -- --
Silt loam & silt 56 55 73 -- 43 29 67 100 100
Silty clay loam & clay loam 5 -- -- -- -- 29 33 -- --


7. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PSME/AGSP
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/FEID
h.t.,
n=14		 PSME/FESC
h.t.,
n=13		 PSME/VACA
h.t.,
n=22		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
PHMA
phase,
n=41		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=5		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=10		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=7		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=9
Sedimentary
Calcareous 27 20 8 -- 10 -- -- -- --
Noncalcareous -- 13 23 41 27 20 30 43 22
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- 8 -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite 18 7 46 41 20 -- 20 14 55
Quartzite 18 20 8 -- 7 -- 10 -- --
Gneiss & schist 9 7 -- -- 6 -- 20 -- 11
Miscellaneous -- -- 8 -- 13 20 10 14 11
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 20 -- 9 3 40 -- 14 --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite 18 13 -- -- 5 20 -- -- --
Miscellaneous 9 -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- -- 3 -- 10 14 --

8. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PSME/AGSP
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/FEID
h.t.,
n=14		 PSME/FESC
h.t.,
n=13		 PSME/VACA
h.t.,
n=22		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
PHMA
phase,
n=41		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=5		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=10		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=7		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=9
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 11 9 5 1 2 5 2 0 1
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 13 9 7 0 0 1 0 1 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.3 4.2 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3

9. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 1, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PSME/AGSP
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/FEID
h.t.,
n=14		 PSME/FESC
h.t.,
n=13		 PSME/VACA
h.t.,
n=22		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
PHMA
phase,
n=41		 PSME/PHMA
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=5		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=10		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=7		 PSME/VAGL
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=9
Reaction (mean pH) 6.6 6.2 6.1 5.5 6.2 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.6
Gravel content (mean %) 42 31 37 26 44 38 47 36 58
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 18 -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- --
Sandy loam 27 21 -- 76 10 20 -- -- 11
Loam 18 43 27 24 31 40 42 -- 44
Silt loam & silt 36 36 73 -- 56 40 58 -- 44
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100 --


10. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=10		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=6		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=38		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=14
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- 20 -- 34 8 35
Noncalcareous 50 20 43 17 29 14
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite 37 20 -- 17 16 21
Quartzite -- -- 14 -- 11 --
Gneiss & schist -- -- 29 17 10 14
Miscellaneous 12 -- -- 17 6 --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- -- 3 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 20 14 -- 13 --
Rhyolite -- 10 -- -- 3 7
Granite & biotite granite -- 10 -- -- 5 --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- -- 6 7
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- --

11. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=10		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=6		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=38		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=14
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 0 0 7 1 3
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 2 0 1
Duff depth (mean cm) 4.6 6.1 3.5 2.6 3.6 4.1

12. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 2, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=10		 PSME/LIBO
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=8		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=6		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=38		 PSME/SYAL
h.t.,
SYAL
phase,
n=14
Reaction (mean pH) 6.2 5.5 5.6 6.4 5.9 6.5
Gravel content (mean %) 31 22 34 33 33 35
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- -- 3 --
Sandy loam 12 20 13 -- 13 --
Loam 25 30 13 83 37 57
Silt loam & silt 63 30 75 17 45 43
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- 20 -- -- 3 --


13. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PSME/CARU
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=9		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=8		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=50		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
PIPO
phase,
n=11		 PSME/CAGE
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/SPBE
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/ARUV
h.t.,
n=7		 PSME/JUCO
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/ARCO
h.t.,
n=11
Sedimentary
Calcareous 33 -- 6 9 33 18 57 22 9
Noncalcareous -- -- 16 36 33 45 14 22 27
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- 9 -- -- --
Argillite 22 13 16 -- 22 18 14 -- 9
Quartzite 22 13 6 18 -- 9 14 -- 9
Gneiss & schist 11 -- 8 9 11 -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous 11 13 4 9 -- -- -- -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- 7 -- -- -- -- 11 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 50 7 18 -- -- -- -- --
Rhyolite -- 13 7 -- -- -- -- 11 18
Granite & biotite granite -- -- 7 -- -- -- -- 22 18
Miscellaneous -- -- 6 -- -- -- -- 11 9
Mixed -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- -- --

14. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PSME/CARU
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=9		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=8		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=50		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
PIPO
phase,
n=11		 PSME/CAGE
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/SPBE
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/ARUV
h.t.,
n=7		 PSME/JUCO
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/ARCO
h.t.,
n=11
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 5 6 2 3 1 5 1 3 4
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 2 1 0 1 2 5 2 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.5 4.7 2.5 6.0 4.2 4.3

15. Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME) Series, set 3, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PSME/CARU
h.t.,
AGSP
phase,
n=9		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
ARUV
phase,
n=8		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=50		 PSME/CARU
h.t.,
PIPO
phase,
n=11		 PSME/CAGE
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/SPBE
h.t.,
n=11		 PSME/ARUV
h.t.,
n=7		 PSME/JUCO
h.t.,
n=9		 PSME/ARCO
h.t.,
n=11
Reaction (mean pH) 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.3 6.9 5.8 6.0
Gravel content (mean %) 35 24 35 30 42 40 36 27 30
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam 11 38 10 36 11 18 -- 25 18
Loam 44 38 37 18 33 27 57 25 46
Silt loam & silt 44 25 53 45 56 55 43 50 36
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --


16. Picea Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PICEA/EQAR
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/PHMA
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/GATR
h.t.,
n=10		 PICEA/VACA
h.t.,
n=2		 PICEA/LIBO
h.t.,
n=20		 PICEA/SMST
h.t.,
n=9
Sedimentary
Calcareous 67 -- -- 67 10 -- 10 25
Noncalcareous -- -- 28 -- 10 50 5 --
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite -- 75 57 -- -- 50 -- 13
Quartzite -- -- 14 -- -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist -- -- -- -- 30 -- 25 --
Miscellaneous -- 25 -- -- -- -- -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- 33 20 -- 15 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- -- -- -- 10 -- 5 --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- 10 -- 10 13
Granite & biotite granite -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 25
Miscellaneous 33 -- -- -- 10 -- 15 26
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 --

17. Picea Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PICEA/EQAR
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/PHMA
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/GATR
h.t.,
n=10		 PICEA/VACA
h.t.,
n=2		 PICEA/LIBO
h.t.,
n=20		 PICEA/SMST
h.t.,
n=9
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 7.3 2.6 6.3 6.5 6.8 2.6 6.4 6.0

18. Picea Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PICEA/EQAR
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=4		 PICEA/PHMA
h.t.,
n=3		 PICEA/GATR
h.t.,
n=10		 PICEA/VACA
h.t.,
n=2		 PICEA/LIBO
h.t.,
n=20		 PICEA/SMST
h.t.,
n=9
Reaction (mean pH) 6.8 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9
Gravel content (mean %) 9 19 13 17 12 30 24 17
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 --
Sandy loam 33 -- -- -- -- -- 20 --
Loam -- 25 14 33 30 50 25 22
Silt loam & silt 67 75 86 67 70 50 50 78
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --


19. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=5		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=2
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- -- -- --
Noncalcareous 20 33 -- 100
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite 20 -- -- --
Argillite -- 67 -- --
Quartzite -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist 20 -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- 67 --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic 20 -- -- --
Rhyolite -- -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite 20 -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- 33 --
Mixed -- -- -- --

20. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=5		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=2
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 0 0 0
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 4.4 4.5 3.5 3.5

21. Abies grandis (ABGR) Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=5		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=3		 ABGR/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=2
Reaction (mean pH) 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.6
Gravel content (mean %) 30 15 23 28
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 11 -- -- --
Sandy loam 22 -- -- --
Loam 22 -- 67 50
Silt loam & silt 33 100 -- 50
Silty clay loam & clay loam 11 -- 33 --


22. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=5		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=2		 THPL/OPHO
h.t.,
n=2		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=4
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- -- -- -- -- --
Noncalcareous 26 100 50 -- 13 25
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- 25
Argillite 63 -- 50 50 38 25
Quartzite -- -- -- -- 25 --
Gneiss & schist 13 -- -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- 50 25 25
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- -- -- -- -- --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite -- -- -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- --

23. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=5		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=2		 THPL/OPHO
h.t.,
n=2		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=4
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 2 10 0 0 0 0
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 5.9 5.8 5.0 6.0 5.3 5.0

24. Thuja plicata (THPL) and Tsuga heterophylla (TSHE) Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=5		 THPL/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=2		 THPL/OPHO
h.t.,
n=2		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=8		 TSHE/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=4
Reaction (mean pH) 5.5 5.6 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.2
Gravel content (mean %) 26 25 30 5 22 35
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 13 -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam -- 20 -- -- -- --
Loam 38 40 -- 100 13 50
Silt loam & silt 50 40 100 -- 88 50
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- -- -- --


25. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/OPHO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=20		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=9		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=7		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/GATR
h.t.,
n=27		 ABLA/VACA
h.t.,
n=8
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- -- -- -- -- -- 12 --
Noncalcareous 33 45 22 14 34 50 16 26
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- 22 -- -- -- -- --
Argillite 33 10 22 57 50 30 8 --
Quartzite -- -- 11 29 -- -- 8 25
Gneiss & schist -- 5 22 -- 8 10 20 --
Miscellaneous 33 25 -- -- 8 10 4 --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 10 -- -- -- -- -- 25
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 --
Granite & biotite granite -- 5 -- -- -- -- 8 25
Miscellaneous -- -- -- -- -- -- 12 --
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 --

26. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/OPHO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=20		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=9		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=7		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/GATR
h.t.,
n=27		 ABLA/VACA
h.t.,
n=8
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 9.0 4.8 7.1 3.7 4.8 6.2 5.9 4.8

27. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 1, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/OPHO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
CLUN
phase,
n=20		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
ARNU
phase,
n=9		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=7		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CLUN
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/GATR
h.t.,
n=27		 ABLA/VACA
h.t.,
n=8
Reaction (mean pH) 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.5 5.0
Gravel content (mean %) 10 25 18 34 40 33 13 17
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- 5 11 -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam -- 10 11 -- 17 10 15 13
Loam 100 30 56 29 42 30 23 38
Silt loam & silt -- 50 22 71 42 60 62 50
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- --


28. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
CACA
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
GATR
phase,
n=2		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
LIBO
phase,
n=13		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=5		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=14		 ABLA/MEFE
h.t.,
n=40		 TSME/MEFE
h.t.,
n=2
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- -- -- 39 -- -- 2 --
Noncalcareous 18 -- -- 15 40 43 39 50
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite -- -- -- -- 20 14 15 50
Quartzite -- 50 -- -- -- 7 5 --
Gneiss & schist 9 -- -- 8 20 -- 15 --
Miscellaneous 9 -- -- 8 -- -- 5 --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- 8 -- 7 -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic 36 -- -- 15 20 7 10 --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- -- 21 -- --
Granite & biotite granite 18 50 67 8 -- -- 5 --
Miscellaneous -- -- 33 -- -- -- 4 --
Mixed 9 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

29. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
CACA
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
GATR
phase,
n=2		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
LIBO
phase,
n=13		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=5		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=14		 ABLA/MEFE
h.t.,
n=40		 TSME/MEFE
h.t.,
n=2
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 0 5 0 3 0 1 1 0
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 3.8 14 6.3 3.8 3.4 4.6 4.7 1.5

30. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 2, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
CACA
phase,
n=12		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
GATR
phase,
n=2		 ABLA/CACA
h.t.,
VACA
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
LIBO
phase,
n=13		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
XETE
phase,
n=5		 ABLA/LIBO
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=14		 ABLA/MEFE
h.t.,
n=40		 TSME/MEFE
h.t.,
n=2
Reaction (mean pH) 4.7 5.7 4.9 6.1 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.5
Gravel content (mean %) 15 7 4 27 49 20 28 48
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 8 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam 17 -- -- -- 20 -- 7 --
Loam 25 100 67 62 40 14 48 50
Silt loam & silt 50 -- 33 38 40 79 45 50
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- -- -- 7 -- --


31. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=28		 ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=19		 TSME/XETE
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/VAGL
h.t.,
n=13		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=6		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
THOC
phase,
n=8
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- 5 -- 8 10 9 --
Noncalcareous 26 26 33 16 20 -- 25
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite 39 21 -- 8 -- 18 25
Quartzite 7 11 -- -- -- 9 13
Gneiss & schist 15 5 -- 15 -- 9 13
Miscellaneous -- 10 67 16 -- -- 13
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- 8 10 9 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic 7 5 -- -- 10 27 --
Rhyolite 4 11 -- 8 10 -- --
Granite & biotite granite -- -- -- 15 30 -- --
Miscellaneous -- 5 -- 8 10 18 13
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- --

32. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=28		 ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=19		 TSME/XETE
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/VAGL
h.t.,
n=13		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=6		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
THOC
phase,
n=8
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 3 1 3 2 3 1
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 3.3 3.8 2.0 5.3 4.5 3.5 5.6

33. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 3, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VAGL
phase,
n=28		 ABLA/XETE
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=19		 TSME/XETE
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA/VAGL
h.t.,
n=13		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
CARU
phase,
n=6		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=11		 ABLA/VASC
h.t.,
THOC
phase,
n=8
Reaction (mean pH) 5.1 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0
Gravel content (mean %) 37 36 21 30 19 28 15
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 4 -- -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam 11 5 -- -- 22 13 --
Loam 50 47 -- 31 22 63 33
Silt loam & silt 36 47 100 62 56 25 67
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- 8 -- -- --


34. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/ALSI
h.t.,
n=5		 ABLA/CARU
h.t.,
n=10		 ABLA/CLPS
h.t.,
n=11		 ABLA/ARCO
h.t.,
n=17		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
CAGE
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
PSME
phase,
n=2
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- 34 100 21 33 50
Noncalcareous 20 17 -- 28 -- 50
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite 20 -- -- -- -- --
Quartzite -- -- -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist 20 17 -- 21 33 --
Miscellaneous -- -- -- 14 -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- 7 -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- -- -- 7 -- --
Rhyolite -- -- -- -- -- --
Granite & biotite granite 20 -- -- -- 33 --
Miscellaneous 20 34 -- -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- --

35. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/ALSI
h.t.,
n=5		 ABLA/CARU
h.t.,
n=10		 ABLA/CLPS
h.t.,
n=11		 ABLA/ARCO
h.t.,
n=17		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
CAGE
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
PSME
phase,
n=2
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 0 1 2 2 1
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duff depth (mean cm) 6.0 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.7 6.7

36. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 4, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/ALSI
h.t.,
n=5		 ABLA/CARU
h.t.,
n=10		 ABLA/CLPS
h.t.,
n=11		 ABLA/ARCO
h.t.,
n=17		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
CAGE
phase,
n=3		 ABLA/CAGE
h.t.,
PSME
phase,
n=2
Reaction (mean pH) 4.9 5.5 6.7 5.7 5.2 5.9
Gravel content (mean %) 18 21 21 19 19 12
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam -- 20 -- -- -- --
Loam 80 20 -- 15 67 --
Silt loam & silt 20 60 70 77 33 100
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- 30 8 -- --


37. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/RIMO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA-PIAL/VASC
h.t.,
n=22		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=25		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=13		 TSME/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=2		 PIAL/ABLA
h.t.,
n=15		 PIAL
h.t.,
n=5
Sedimentary
Calcareous 25 9 -- -- -- 7 40
Noncalcareous 50 32 20 54 100 57 40
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Argillite -- -- 16 8 -- 36 --
Quartzite -- 5 12 -- -- -- --
Gneiss & schist 25 23 16 -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- 5 12 15 -- -- --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Quartz monzonite & granitic -- 9 16 8 -- -- --
Rhyolite -- 5 8 8 -- -- 20
Granite & biotite granite -- 14 -- -- -- -- --
Miscellaneous -- -- 4 8 -- -- --
Mixed -- -- -- -- -- -- --

38. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/RIMO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA-PIAL/VASC
h.t.,
n=22		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=25		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=13		 TSME/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=2		 PIAL/ABLA
h.t.,
n=15		 PIAL
h.t.,
n=5
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 4 3 3 2 13 2
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 1 1 0 0 6 3
Duff depth (mean cm) 7.5 4.4 3.9 4.4 2.5 2.8 2.7

39. Abies lasiocarpa (ABLA) Series, set 5, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics ABLA/RIMO
h.t.,
n=3		 ABLA-PIAL/VASC
h.t.,
n=22		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=25		 ABLA/LUHI
h.t.,
MEFE
phase,
n=13		 TSME/LUHI
h.t.,
VASC
phase,
n=2		 PIAL/ABLA
h.t.,
n=15		 PIAL
h.t.,
n=5
Reaction (mean pH) 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.9 6.0
Gravel content (mean %) 2 26 32 31 42 45 25
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Sandy loam -- 14 4 15 -- -- --
Loam -- 32 58 31 50 50 --
Silt loam & silt 100 50 38 54 50 50 100
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- 5 -- -- -- -- --


40. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, coarse fragments (in percent of occurrence) 
Soil Characteristics PICO/VACA
h.t.,
n=11		 PICO/LIBO
h.t.,
n=14		 PICO/VASC
h.t.,
n=17		 PICO/CARU
h.t.,
n=4
Sedimentary
Calcareous -- -- -- --
Noncalcareous 27 21 12 --
Metamorphic
Calcareous argillite -- -- -- --
Argillite -- -- 12 --
Quartzite 18 14 6 --
Gneiss & schist -- 14 6 --
Miscellaneous -- -- 6 --
Igneous
Basalt & andesite -- 7 6 --
Quartz monzonite & granitic 45 14 35 50
Rhyolite -- 7 6 25
Granite & biotite granite 9 14 12 25
Miscellaneous -- 7 -- --
Mixed -- -- -- --

41. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, ground surface 
Soil Characteristics PICO/VACA
h.t.,
n=11		 PICO/LIBO
h.t.,
n=14		 PICO/VASC
h.t.,
n=17		 PICO/CARU
h.t.,
n=4
Surface rock exposed (mean %) 1 2 5 2
Bare soil exposed (mean %) 0 0 0 1
Duff depth (mean cm) 4.8 6.4 4.7 2.6

42. Pinus contorta (PICO) Series, upper soil 
Soil Characteristics PICO/VACA
h.t.,
n=11		 PICO/LIBO
h.t.,
n=14		 PICO/VASC
h.t.,
n=17		 PICO/CARU
h.t.,
n=4
Reaction (mean pH) 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.6
Gravel content (mean %) 16 21 26 22
Textural class (percent occurrence)
Loamy sand 9 14 -- --
Sandy loam 9 7 25 25
Loam 27 36 50 --
Silt loam & silt 55 43 25 75
Silty clay loam & clay loam -- -- -- --


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[ Pages: Index  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  Appendixes ]